Matilda

Matilda married Waleran IV, Count of Meulan, Earl of Worcester about 1134. Waleran (son of Sir Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester and Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester) was born about 1104 in Meulan-en-Yvelines, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; died on 10 Apr 1166 in Les Préaux, Normandy, France; was buried in Préaux Abbey, Les Préaux, Eure, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Brave and generous, possessed of the common touch, Stephen of Blois seemed a promising king. But, as his nobles and adversaries soon discovered, he was not cut out for the role. As he lost the control that Henry had secured over England, the country was torn apart by rival forces.
• Title(s): Bef 1115; Before 1115 he became the Count of Mortain.
• Miscellaneous: 1120; In 1120 Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship.
• Title(s): Bef 1125; Before 1125 he became Count of Boulogne in right of his wife.
• Reign: From 1135 to 1154; King of England
• Title(s): 1135; He succeeded as the 11th Duke of Normandy in 1135.
• Crowned: 1 Dec 1135; He succeeded as King Stephen of England on 1 December 1135 and was crowned King of England by William, Archbishop of Canterbury on 26 December 1135 and styled Rex Aglorum Dux Normannorum. He pretended that the deceased monarch had expressed an intention that he should follow him on the throne, and he He was deposed on 10 April 1141. He succeeded again as the King on 1 November 1141 and was crowned as King 25 December 1141 at Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. At length, after many changes of fortune, Stephen having lost his son, Eustace, entered into a compact with Henry Plantagenet, son of his rival, the Empress Maud, by which it was agreed that Stephen should enjoy the throne in peace during his life, and that Henry should succeed him.
• Miscellaneous: 1139; The rightful heiress to the crown of England was Henry I's daughter Matilda but at the time of Henry's death she was with her husband in Anjou and Stephen was the first to reach London and successfully claim the throne. Matilda or Maud, as she was also known, disputed Stephen's claim. Matilda's illegitimate half brother the 1st Earl of Gloucester rebelled, and civil war broke out in 1139 when Matilda invaded. In April 1141 hostile troops seized Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln but in November exchanged him for Gloucester who had been imprisoned by Stephen's supporters. Stephen then regained much lost power and in 1148 Matilda left England. Upon Maud's death, her son Henry Fitz-Empress continued the challenge. While the dispute continued, Henry married the divorced wife of the French King. This gave him great power as his wife was, in her own right, a reigning Princess. Stephen had married Matilda of Boulogne and hoped that their son Eustace would succeed him, however Eustace died and in 1153 at Winchester, Stephen reluctantly declared Henry Fitz-Empress as his heir.
• Last Full Review: 17 Jul 2020

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Name:

Buried:
His tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

Died:
He died of a heart attack.

Stephen married Matilda, Countess of Boulogne in 1125 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. Matilda (daughter of Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and Lens and Mary, Princess of Scotland) was born about 1105 in County of Boulogne, France; died on 3 May 1151 in Hedingham Castle, Castle Hedingham, Essex, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Faversham, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title(s): 1125; In 1125 she became the Countess of Boulogne.
• Crowned: 22 Mar 1136, Westminster Abbey, London, England; On 22 March 1136 she was crowned Queen Consort in Westminster Abbey.
• Military: 1141; After Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, she rallied the king's partisans, and raised an army with the help of William of Ypres. While the Empress Matilda waited in London to prepare her coronation, Matilda and Stephen's brother Henry of Blois had her chased out of the city. The Empress Matilda went on to besiege Henry of Blois at Winchester. Matilda of Boulogne then commanded her army to attack the besiegers. There was a rout in which the Empress's half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, was captured. The two Matildas then agreed to exchange prisoners and Stephen ruled as king again.
• Last Full Review: 17 Jul 2020

Notes:

Death: Stuart (2002) gives her death as 3 July 1151 in Faversham, England.

Name:

Buried:
Her tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

Died:
She died of a fever.

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: His full titles were the Count of Champagne, Brie, Blois, and Chartres.
• Military: 1096; Stephen was one of the leaders of the First Crusade.

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Died:
He was killed in the Battle of Ramleh. His death may have been on the 27th of May.

Stephen married Adele of Normandy, Princess of England in 1080/81. Adele (daughter of William I "the Conqueror", King of England and Maltilda of Flanders, Duchess of Normandy and Queen of England) was born about 1062; died on 8 Mar 1137/38 in Maringuy Convent, Marcigny, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Religion: say 1130; Before her death, she became a nun.

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• Military: 1125;

Notes:

Birth: Weis (1976) gives his birth as about 1105.

Death: Weis (1976) states he died in 1157.

Name:
In later life he became a monk.

Military:
He went on the First Crusade.

Eustace married Mary, Princess of Scotland in 1102. Mary (daughter of Malcolm III "Canmore", King of the Scots and Saint Margaret of Scotland) died on 31 May 1116; was buried in Bermondsey Abbey, Southwark, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Theobald married Alix de Crepi on Yes, date unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: He was also called William "the Bastard".
• Title(s): 1035; In 1035 he succeeded as the Duke of Normandy.
• Military: 1066; William invaded England and defeated Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
• Reign: From 1066 to 1087; King of England
• Crowned: Dec 1066, London, England; In December 1066 he was crowned King of England in London.

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William married Maltilda of Flanders, Duchess of Normandy and Queen of England in 1053 in Eu, Normandy, France. Maltilda (daughter of Baldwin V de Lille "the Pious", Count of Flanders and Adelaide of France, Princess of France) was born in 1032 in Flanders, Belgium; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, Normandy, France; was buried in Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Her name is also rendered Maud in England.

Notes:

Death: von Redlich (1941) gives her death date as 3 November 1083.

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Aux Gernons translates to with moustaches.
• Military: 1047; He joined Godfrey II, duke of Lotharingia, in an unsuccessful rebellion against Emperor Henry III in 1047.
• Religion: 1049; As a consequence of his revolt against the Emperor, Pope Leo IX, a close ally of the emperor, excommunicated Eustace at the Council of Rheims in 1049. "Excommunicavit etiam Comites Angelrai et Eustacium propter incestum, et Hugonem de Braina, quia legitimam uxorem dimiserat, et aliam sibi in matrimonio sociaverat”. The reason given for the excommunication was incest. Pope Leo IX had been attempting to reform the papacy by condemning marriages within seven degrees of consanguinity. Although neither wife is mentioned by name both were related to Eustace within the prohibited degree.
• Title(s): 1049; Eustace succeeded his father in 1049 as Count of Boulogne.
• Travel: 1051, England; Eustace visited England in 1051, and was received with honor at the court of Edward the Confessor. Edward and Eustace were former brothers-in-law and remained political allies.
• Title(s): 1054; In 1054 he became the Count of Lens.
• Military: 14 Oct 1066, Hastings, Sussex, England; He fought at the Battle of Hastings and is one of the few proven companions of William the Conqueror. Sources vary regarding the details of his conduct during the battle. The contemporary chronicler William of Poitiers wrote concerning him: With a harsh voice he (Duke William) called to Eustace of Boulogne, who with 50 knights was turning in flight and was about to give the signal for retreat. This man came up to the Duke and said in his ear that he ought to retire since he would court death if he went forward. But at the very moment when he uttered the words Eustace was struck between the shoulders with such force that blood gushed out from his mouth and nose and half dead he only made his escape with the aid of his followers. The depiction in the Bayeux Tapestry shows a knight carrying a banner who rides up to Duke William and points excitedly with his finger towards the rear of the Norman advance. William turns his head and lifts up his visor to show his knights following him that he is still alive and determined to fight on. This conforms therefore with Eustace having somewhat lost his nerve and having urged the Duke to retreat while the Battle was at its height with the outcome still uncertain. Other sources suggest that Eustace was present with William at the Malfosse incident in the immediate aftermath of the battle, where a Saxon feigning death leapt up and attacked him, and was presumably cut down before he could reach William.
• Military: 1067; After playing a prominent part in the battle of Hastings, Eustace supported an uprising by the townsfolk of Dover against William’s half-brother, Bishop Odo in 1067. The attack was unsuccessful; Eustace escaped but left his nepos, probably Geoffrey, behind in captivity. Eustace was exiled from England following the disaster in Dover, and his English estates were forfeited. But clearly he was more useful to William I as an ally than as an enemy, and the two were reconciled in the early 1070s. William I, who could have been holding the nepos to ensure Eustace’s compliance as a future ally, may have released him during this time. Eustace received a generous new allocation of estates.
• Last Full Review: 9 Dec 2020

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Eustace married Ida of Lorraine in Dec 1057. Ida (daughter of Geoffrey II "the Bearded", Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine, Count of Verdun and Doda) was born about 1040 in Bass, Lower Lorraine, France (not found); died on 13 Aug 1113. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: She was also known as Blessed Ida of Boulogne. She was the heiress of Bouillon.
• Last Full Review: 9 Dec 2020

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• Reign: From 1058 to 1093; King of the Scots
• Crowned: 17 Mar 1058, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

Notes:

Name:


Crowned:
He was crowned the King of the Scots.

Died:
He was killed in battle while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Malcolm married Saint Margaret of Scotland in 1068 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward the Atheling and Agatha von Braunschweig) was born in 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland; was buried in say 18 Nov 1093 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Travel: 1057
• Travel: 1066
• Canonized: 1250; St. Margaret was canonized 1250 and her feast day is November 16th,

Notes:

Name:
There is much debate about the ancestry of Agatha, the mother of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland. The dynastic usurpation and post-invasion trauma of 1066 dictated that St. Margaret's maternal origins were of secondary importance to the English Chroniclers until the marriage of her daughter, Edith-Matilda, to Henry I in 1100. There are two basic solutions, Slavic or Salian. Humphreys (2003) leans towards the Slavic, however I have followed the Salian. Moore (2019) has proved the Salian.

Travel:
She moved to the court of Edward the Confessor.

Travel:
After the defeat of Harold Godwinson in 1066, she again went into exile in Scotland.

Notes:

Married:
The marriage was against St. Margaret's wishes.