Urraca "la Temeraria", Infanta of Castile and León, Countess of Galicia

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: She was the heiress of Castile and León. Her nickname translates to the Reckless.
• Title(s): 1093; She became the Countess of Galicia.
• Reign: From 1109 to 1126; Queen of Galicia, Castile, León, and Toledo.
• Title(s): 1 Jul 1109; She became the Queen of Galicia, Castile, León, and Toledo.
• Last Full Review: 11 Feb 2021

Notes:

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Urraca married Raymond of Burgundy and Ivrea, Count of Castile in 1087 in Toledo, Castile–La Mancha, Spain. Raymond (son of William II "the Great", Count of Burgundy and Mâcon and Stephanie of Longwy) was born about 1070 in Burgundy, France; died on 24 May 1107 in Grajal de Campos, Castile and León, Spain; was buried in Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Sancha Raimúndez was born between 11 Nov 1095 and 1102.
2. Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Léon was born on 1 Mar 1105 in Castile, Spain; died on 21 Aug 1157 in La Fresneda, Aragon, Spain; was buried in Toledo, Castile–La Mancha, Spain.

Urraca married Alfonso I "the Battler", King of Aragon in Oct 1109 in Monzón Castle, Monzón, Aragon, Spain. Alfonso was born about 1073/74; died on 7 Sep 1134. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: From Wikipedia: In the cultural field, Alfonso VI promoted the safety of the Camino de Santiago and promoted the Cluniac Reforms in the monasteries of Galicia, León and Castile. In the spring of 1073, he made the first concession of a Leonese monastery to the Order of Cluny. The monarch replaced the Mozarabic or Toledan rite with the Roman one. In this respect it is a common legend that Alfonso VI took Mozarabic and Roman breviaries and threw them into the fire. When only the Roman breviary burned, the king threw the Mozarabic one into the fire, thus imposing the Roman rite.[citation needed] Alfonso VI, the conqueror of Toledo, the great Europeanizing monarch, saw in the last years of his reign how the great political work that he had carried started to be dismantled due to Almoravid attacks and internal weaknesses. Alfonso VI had fully assumed the imperial idea of León and his openness to European influence had made him aware of the feudal political practices which, in the France of his time, reached their most complete expression. In the conjunction of these two elements, Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz sees the explanation of the grant of the iure hereditario (sharing the kingdom between the two daughters and the son instead of bequeathing all to the only son, more typical of Navarrese-Aragonese tradition) of the Counties of Galicia and Portugal to her two Burgundian sons-in-law, Raymond and Henry. After a few years, that decision led to the independence of Portugal and the possibility of an independent Galicia under Alfonso Raimúndez, which ultimately did not materialize when the infante became King Alfonso VII of León.
• Crowned: 1065; In 1065, he was crowned the King of León. In 1072, he was crowned the King of Castile.
• Military: 1085; He conquered Toledo and Madrid in 1085 and Lisbon in 1093.
• Living: 28 May 1108, Astorga Cathedral, Astorga, Castile and León, Spain; Alfonso and Beatrice appeared together on 28 May 1108 in the Astorga Cathedral.
• Last Full Review: 7 Jul 2021

Notes:

Birth: Weis (1982) gives his birth date as 1030.

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Buried:
From Wikipedia: The mortal remains of the king were deposited in a stone sepulcher, which was placed at the feet of the church of the Royal Monastery, until the reign of Sancho IV, who deemed it unseemly that his ancestor was buried at the foot of the temple and ordered the tomb to be moved inside and placed in the church's transept, near the tomb of Beatriz, Dowager Lady of Los Cameros and daughter of Infante Frederick of Castile who had been executed by orders of his brother, King Alfonso X the Wise in 1277.

The sepulcher that contained the remains of the king, now disappeared, was supported on alabaster lions, and was a large ark of white marble, eight feet long and four wide and tall, being covered by a smooth black lid. The tomb was usually covered by a silk tapestry, woven in Flanders, bearing the image of the king crowned and armed, with the representation of the arms of Castile and León on the sides, and a crucifix at the head of the tomb.[72]

The tomb that contained the remains of Alfonso VI was destroyed in 1810, during the fire at the Royal Monastery of San Benito. The mortal remains of the king and those of several of his wives were collected and preserved in the abbey chamber until 1821, when the monks were expelled, and were then deposited by the abbot Ramón Alegrías in a box, which was placed in the southern wall of the chapel of the Crucifix until January 1835, when the remains were collected again and placed in another box and taken to the archive where the remains of the wives of the sovereign were at that time. The purpose was to place all the royal remains in a new sanctuary that was being built at that time.[72] However, when the Royal Monastery of San Benito was dissolved in 1835, the monks delivered the two boxes with the royal remains to a relative of one of them, who kept it hidden until 1902, when these were discovered by Rodrigo Fernández Núñez, a professor at the Institute of Zamora Rodrigo.

The mortal remains of Alfonso VI are now in the Monastery of the Benedictine nuns of Sahagún, at the foot of the temple, in a smooth stone ark and with a cover of modern marble, and in a nearby sepulcher, equally smooth, lies the remains of several of the king's wives.

Alfonso married Constance of Burgundy in 1080/81. Constance (daughter of Robert III "the Old", Duke of Burgundy, Prince of France and Eleanor of Semur-en-Auxois) was born on 8 May 1046; died in Jan 1093 to Feb 1093; was buried in The Monastery of Sahagún, Sahagún, Castile and León, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Charter/Grant/Gift: 8 May 1080; She appears by name for the first time in royal charters on 8 May 1080.
• Last Full Review: 7 Jul 2021

Notes:

Death: Weis (1982) gives her death date as 1092.

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Buried:
According to Wikipedia: After her death, the corpse of Constance was taken to the town of Sahagún and was buried in the Monastery of St. Facundo and Primitivo, where her husband, King Alfonso VI would be buried along with all his wives.

The grave that contained the remains of Alfonso VI was destroyed in 1810 during a fire in the Monastery. The remains of the king and several of his wives, including those of Constance, were collected and kept in the abbot's chamber until 1821. When the religious were expelled from the monastery, they were then deposited by Abbot Ramon Joys in a box that was placed on the south wall of the chapel of the Crucifix, until, in January 1835, the remains were collected and placed in another box, being brought to the archive. The purpose was to place all remaining interests in a new sanctuary that was being built then. However, when the monastery of San Benito was disentailed in 1835, the monks gave the two boxes containing the actual remains to the relative of a priest, who hid them until 1902 were found by the professor Zamora Rodrigo Fernández Núñez.

Today, the remains of Alfonso VI are buried in the Royal Monastery of San Benito in Sahagún, at the foot of the temple, in a stone chest covered with smooth, modern marble and in a tomb near equally plain, lie the remains of several of the king's wives, including those of Constance.

Notes:

Married:
The marriage appears to have been orchestrated via the Cluniac connections at Alfonso's court.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title(s): 1029; He became the Count of Castile after his uncle's death in 1029.
• Reign: From 1035 to 1065; King of Castile
• Reign: From 1037 to 1065; King of León
• Reign: From 1056 to 1065; Emperor of Spain
• Last Full Review: 31 May 2021

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Reign:
He was crowned King of León after defeating his brother-in-law.

Reign:
According to tradition, he was the first to have himself crowned Emperor of Spain in 1056, and his heirs carried on the tradition.

Ferdinand married Sancha of León between Nov 1032 and Dec 1032. Sancha (daughter of Alfonso V, King of Castile and León and Elvira Meneddez) was born in 1013 in León, Castile and León, Spain; died on 8 Nov 1067 in León, Castile and León, Spain; was buried in Basilica of San Isidoro, León, Castile and León, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Last Full Review: 31 May 2021

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Notes:

Weis (1982) gives his death date as 1075.

Robert married Eleanor of Semur-en-Auxois about 1033. Eleanor (daughter of Damas, Sire de Semur and Aremburga) was born in 1016; died on 22 Apr 1055. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Her name was also spelt Helie de Semur.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 999; In 999 he was crowned as the King of Navarre.
• Title(s): 1026; He became the Count of Castile in 1026.
• Title(s): 1030; In 1030 he became the Count of Aragon.

Notes:

Name:


Died:
He was murdered.

Sancho married Munia Mayor on Yes, date unknown. Munia (daughter of Sancho Garcia, Count of Castile and Urraca Salvadores) was born in 995; died after 13 Jul 1066 in Frómista, Castile and León, Spain; was buried in Monastery of San Salvador de Oña, Oña, Castile and León,Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: She was the co-heir of Castile and the countship of Alava.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: In 999, he was crowned the King of Castile and León.

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Alfonso married Elvira Meneddez in 1015. Elvira (daughter of Menendo Gonzalez, Count of Galicia and Totadomna) was born about 996 in Galicia, Spain; died in Dec 1022 in León, Castile and León, Spain; was buried in Basilica of San Isidoro, León, Castile and León, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 988 to 1031; King of France (House of Capet)
• Crowned: 1 Jan 988; On 1 January 988, he became the King of France.

Notes:

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Robert married Constance of Arles in 998. Constance (daughter of William I, Count of Provence and Arles and Adelaide of Anjou) was born about 986; died on 25 Jul 1032 in Meulan-en-Yvelines, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Basilica of Saint-Denis, St. Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: She was also known as Constance of Provence, and Constance of Toulouse.
• Miscellaneous: 998; Constance was married in 998 to King Robert, after his divorce from his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy. The marriage was stormy; Bertha's family opposed her, and Constance was despised for importing her Provençal kinfolk and customs. Robert's friend, Hugh of Beauvais, count palatine, tried to convince the king to repudiate her in 1007. Possibly at her request 12 knights of her kinsman Fulk Nerra then murdered Beauvais in 1008.
• Travel: 1010; Robert went to Rome in 1010, followed by his former wife Bertha, to seek permission to divorce Constance and remarry Bertha. Pope Sergius IV was not about to allow a consanguineous marriage which had been formally condemned by Pope Gregory V and Robert had already repudiated two wives. So the request was denied. After his return according to one source Robert "loved his wife more."
• Miscellaneous: 1017; At Constance's urging, her eldest son Hugh Magnus was crowned co-king alongside his father in 1017. But later Hugh demanded his parents share power with him, and rebelled against his father in 1025. Constance, however, on learning of her son's rebellion was furious with him, rebuking him at every turn. At some point Hugh was reconciled with his parents but shortly thereafter died, probably about age eighteen. The royal couple was devastated; there was concern for the queen’s mental health due to the violence of her grief.
• Legal: 1022; In 1022, a trial accused clergy members of heresy--Constance's previous confessor Stephen included, Robert had his wife Queen Constance stand at the door to prevent any mob violence. However, as the condemned clerics left the trial the queen "struck out the eye of Stephen... with the staff which she carried". This was seen as Constance venting her frustration at anyone subverting the prestige of the crown.
• Miscellaneous: 1027; Robert and Constance quarreled over which of their surviving sons should inherit the throne; Robert favored their second son Henry, while Constance favored their third son, Robert. Despite his mother's protests and her support by several bishops, Henry was crowned in 1027. Constance, however, was not graceful when she didn't get her way. The ailing Fulbert, bishop of Chartres told a colleague that he could attend the ceremony "if he traveled slowly to Reims—but he was too frightened of the queen to go at all".
• Miscellaneous: say 1028; Constance encouraged her sons to rebel, and they began attacking and pillaging the towns and castles belonging to their father. Son Robert attacked Burgundy, the duchy he had been promised but had never received, and Henry seized Dreux. At last King Robert agreed to their demands and peace was made which lasted until the king's death.
• Miscellaneous: 1031; King Robert died on 20 July 1031. Soon afterwards Constance fell ill; she was at also at odds with both her surviving sons. Constance seized her dower lands and refused to surrender them. Henry fled to Normandy, where he received aid, weapons and soldiers from his brother Robert. He returned to besiege his mother at Poissy but Constance escaped to Pontoise. She only surrendered when Henry began the siege of Le Puiset and swore to slaughter all the inhabitants.
• Last Full Review: 5 Jun 2020

Notes:

Name:

Died:
Constance died after passing out following a coughing fit.

Notes:

Name:
His name was also spelt Dalmace.

Died:
Murdered by his son-in-law, Robert, Duke of Burgundy

Damas married Aremburga. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She is said to be the daughter of Henry I, Duke of Burgundy, but this has been disproved.