Frederick I "Barbarossa", Holy Roman Emperor

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Frederick was one of the leaders of the Third Crusade. He was also known as Frederick III Duke of Alsace and Swabia.
• Crowned: 8 Jun 1155; On 8 June 1155, he was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor. Later on 9 March 1158, he was crowned the King of Germany as Frederick III.
• Reign: From 8 Jun 1155 to 10 Jun 1190; Holy Roman Emperor
• Reign: From 9 Mar 1158 to 10 Jun 1190; King of Germany
• Military: 1189; He joined the 3rd Crusade.

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Died:
He drowned on the way to the Third Crusade.

Frederick married Beatrix of Mâcon between 10 Jun 1156 and 16 Jun 1156 in Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany. Beatrix (daughter of Renaud III, Comte de Mâcon and Burgundy and Agatha of Alsace) was born in aout 1145; died on 15 Nov 1184. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
2. Philip II von Hohenstauffen, Emperor of Germany was born about 1177; died on 21 Jun 1208 in Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany; was buried in Ägidienkirche, Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Frederick married Judith of Bavaria in 1121. Judith (daughter of Henry IX "the Black", Duke of Bavaria and Wulfhilda of Saxony) was born about 1100; died on 22 Feb 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Died:
Her death year may have been 1135.

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He was also the Count von Hohenstauffen. He build the castle at Hohenstaufen, and founded the monastery of Lorch.

Frederick married Agnes of Franconia, Princess of Germany in 1089. Agnes (daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Maurienne) was born in 1072/73; died on 24 Sep 1143; was buried in Klosterneuburg, Germany ( now Austria). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Agnes was the last of the Salic House.

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Weis (1982) gives their marriage date as 1080.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Religion: say 1120, Weingarten Abbey, Weingarten, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; He was a lay brother of the foundation at Weingarten.

Henry married Wulfhilda of Saxony between 1095 and 1100. Wulfhilda (daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and Sophia, Princess of Hungary) was born about 1071 in Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany; died on 29 Dec 1126 in Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Birth: Weis (1982) states she was born about 1075.

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Her name was also spelt Ulfhild.

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He was also the Lord of Buren.

Frederick married Hildegarde von Bar-Mousson about 1042. Hildegarde (daughter of Otto, Count of Palatine of Lorraine of Lotharingia and daughter of Hugh IV) was born about 1028 in Swabia, Germany; died in 1094. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: birth to death
• Reign: From 1056 to 1106; Holy Roman Emperor

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History:
In 1056, he was crowned the King of Germany.

On 31 March 1084, he was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor.

Henry married Bertha of Maurienne on 13 Jul 1066. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: He was the first member of the Welf branch of the House of Este. In the genealogy of the Elder House of Welf he is counted as Welf IV.
• Land/House: 1055; When Welf's maternal uncle, Welf, Duke of Carinthia (also known as Welf III), died childless in 1055, Welf inherited his property.
• Title(s): 1070; He was rewarded for his fidelity by being appointed Duke of Bavaria in Otto's stead. This event took place at Goslar in 1070, when the Duchy of Bavaria submitted quietly to the newly made duke, who was the representative of one of the most ancient families in the province. His repudiation of Ethelinde, which could have been considered an act of injustice, does not seem to have been held against him.
• Military: From 1077 to 1085; During the Investiture Controversy, Welf changed sides turning against the Emperor, supporting Pope Gregory VII as well as lending his support for the election of Rudolf of Rheinfelden in March 1077. Pope and Emperor were superficially reconciled in 1076, but the following year saw them again engaged in active hostilities. Henry, in consequence of these repeated acts of rebellion, declared Welf deposed in his newly acquired duchy. However, supported by his faithful Bavarians and aided by his father in Italy, Welf was able to maintain his place, and openly defy the ban of the Empire in May 1077. Welf joined the discontented princes who supported the standard of Rudolph, at a time when any who refused to follow the pope's direction could expect to be excommunicated by the church—a potent and effective threat in the social and political conditions of the time. However, Gregory died in 1085 and his successors took a less intensive part in the affairs of Germany. Welf, though still adhering to the party of the church, began to relax in his exertions to support Rudolf of Rheinfelden.
• Military: 1099; In 1099, Welf joined what would become known as the Crusade of 1101, along with William IX of Aquitaine, Hugh of Vermandois and Ida of Austria. His main success was to prevent a clash between fellow Crusaders, who had been pillaging Byzantine territory on their way to Constantinople and the Byzantine emperor's Pecheneg mercenaries. The Crusade itself, entering Anatolia, ended disastrously; after passing Heraclea in September, Welf's Bavarians—like other crusader contingents—were ambushed and massacred by the Turkish troops of Kilij Arslan I, the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm. Welf escaped.
• Last Full Review: 12 Aug 2020

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Death: Weis (1976) gives his death date as 6 November 1101, while von Redlich (1941) gives his death date as 8 November 1101.

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Welf married Judith of Flanders, Countess of Northumbria about 1071. Judith (daughter of Baldwin IV de Lille "Fair Beard", Count of Flanders and Valenciennes and Elena of Normandy) was born about 1033 in Bruges, Flanders, Belguim; died on 5 Mar 1094; was buried in Weingarten Abbey, Weingarten, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: She was the owner of many books and illuminated manuscripts, which she bequeathed to Weingarten Abbey (two of which are now held at the Pierpont Morgan Library).
• Travel: Sep 1051; In September 1051, Tostig and Judith were forced to flee England for Bruges, along with her in-laws after Tostig joined his father's armed rebellion against King Edward the Confessor; however, they returned home the following year.
• Title(s): 1055; When her husband was created the Earl of Northumbia in 1055, she became the Countess of Northumbria.
• Travel: Nov 1065; Tostig was outlawed by King Edward in November 1065, and Judith, along with Tostig and her children, was compelled to seek refuge with her half-brother in Flanders the following month.
• Last Full Review: 11 Aug 2020

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Birth: Judith was 38 years old when she married Welf.

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He was an enemy of Emperor Henry IV.

Magnus married Sophia, Princess of Hungary about 1071. Sophia (daughter of Béla I "the Boxer", King of Hungary and Richeza, Princess of Hungary) was born after 1050; died on 18 Jun 1095. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]