Stephen "the Posthumous"

Notes:

Name:

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Andrew was also the King of Galicia. He was known as Andrew of Jerusalem.
• Title(s): 1188; He ruled the Principality of Halych from 1188 until 1189/1190, and again between 1208/1209 and 1210. He was the younger son of Béla III of Hungary, who entrusted him with the administration of the newly conquered Principality of Halych in 1188. Andrew's rule was unpopular, and the boyars (or noblemen) expelled him. Béla III willed property and money to Andrew, obliging him to lead a crusade to the Holy Land
• Crowned: 1197; Andrew forced his elder brother, King Emeric of Hungary, to cede Croatia and Dalmatia as an appanage to him in 1197.
• Reign: From 1205 to 1235; King of Hungary
• History: 1213; Andrew II made an abortive attempt to conquer Galicia. His crusades to the Holy Land likewise won little glory for the crown. His wife, the Meranian Gertrude, ran a lavish, wasteful household. Andrew II's rule triggered widespread unrest, and in 1213 Gertrude was assassinated by a high-level conspiracy. The king's inefficacy was further testified to by the fact that he was unable to punish the assassins.
• Crowned: 1214; He was crowned the King of Galacia in 1214.
• Military: From 1217 to 1218; He joined the fifth crusade.
• Charter/Grant/Gift: 1222; Andrew II's political opponents formed an alliance, forcing him to ratify the Golden Bull of 1222, named for the golden seal which hung from it. The document guaranteed rights to the servientes which had formerly only been enjoyed by the owners of great estates and also contained the famous "clause of resistance", whereby if the king failed to keep his word, the nobles were invested with the right to resist and oppose him without charge of disloyalty. The Golden Bull of 1222 for all purposes determined the principle of equality between nobles and occupied a central place in the thought of the Hungarian aristocracy for centuries. Although subsequently repealed, the clause of resistance initiated the long-term practice of throwing open the acts of the king to question. Because of the seminal role it played in the development of national constitutionality, the Golden Bull has frequently been likened to the Magna Charta of 1215, underscoring certain clear parallels in the constitutional development of Hungary and England.
• Last Full Review: 16 Oct 2020

Notes:

Death: Redlich (1942) gives his death date as about 7 March 1235.

Name:

Andrew married Beatrice d'Este on 14 May 1234 in Székesfehérvár, Central Transdanubia, Hungary. Beatrice was born in 1215; died before 8 May 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Parents: Father: Margrave Albodrandino I
• Education: 1215; Since her father died in the year of her birth, she was educated by her uncle, Marquis Azzo VII of Este.
• Miscellaneous: 1235; Following her husband's death on 21 September 1235, her stepson, King Béla IV of Hungary ascended the throne and he wanted to banish Beatrice from Hungary. Moreover, when the widowed Beatrice announced that she had been pregnant, her stepson accused her of adultery and ordered her arrest. Beatrice could escape from Hungary only with the assistance of the ambassadors of Frederick II, Holy Roman Empire who had arrived to the deceased king's funeral. She went to the Holy Roman Empire, where she bore her husband's posthumous son, Stephen whose legitimacy, however, was never confirmed by his brothers. Following the birth of her child, Beatrice was planning to live in the court of his uncle, but Marquis Azzo VII denied her request. She spent the following years wandering in Italy, and she never gave up her son's claims to receive ducal revenues from Hungary. She tried to persuade the Republic of Venice to support her son during the war with Hungary, but the Serenissima promised King Béla IV that it would not support Beatrice and her son in the peace of 30 June 1244. Pope Innocent IV granted her revenues of 35 monasteries in Italy.
• Legal: After 1235; After Andrew's death in 1235, his sons, Béla and Coloman, accused Beatrice of adultery and never considered her son, Stephen, to be a legitimate son of Andrew.
• Last Full Review: 16 Oct 2020

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Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 1173; In 1173, he was crowned King of Hungary.
• Reign: From 1173 to 1196; King of Hungary

Notes:

Death" Redlich (1942) and Weis (1982) give his death date as 18 April 1196.

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Béla married Agnes de Châtillon-sur-Loing about 1171. Agnes (daughter of Renaud de Châtillon, Prince of Antioch and Constance of Antioch) was born in 1153; died in 1184 in Hungary. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 1141; In 1141, he was crowned the King of Hungary.
• Reign: From 1141 to 1161; King of Hungary

Notes:

Death: Moriarty (1952) gives his death date as 31 May 1161.

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Géza married Euphrosyne Mstislawna of Kiev in 1146. Euphrosyne (daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev "the Great", Grand Prince of Kiev and Ljubava Saviditsch) was born in 1130; died in 1171. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Death: Weis (1982) gives her death date as 1175/76.

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: He went on the Second Crusade, and remained in the Holy Land. He was also the Lord of Krale in Moab.

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Died:
He was killed by Saladin's own hand after the Battle of Hattin.

Renaud married Constance of Antioch in 1152/53. Constance (daughter of Behémond II, Prince of Antioch and Taranto and Alice de Rethel, Princess of Jerusalem) was born in 1127; died in 1163. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
She was a Princess and heiress of Antioch.