Sigeric II, King of Essex

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Last Full Review: 18 Dec 2020

Sæthrth married Beorhtwulf, King of Mercia on yes date unknown. Beorhtwulf (son of Beornwulf, King of Mercia) died in 852. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
He was killed in the Battle of Holme.

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Last Full Review: 2 May 2021

Notes:

Death: Weis (1982) and Mommaerts-Browne (2005) give her death date as 961.

Name:

Her name was also spelt Edgiva.

Eadgifu married Edward "the Elder", King of England in 919 in Berkshire, England. Edward (son of Alfred "the Great", King of England and Ealhswith of Mercia) was born in 875 in Kingdom of Wessex, England; died on 17 Jul 924 in Farndon, Cheshire, England; was buried in Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 939 to 946; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
In 940, he became the King of England.

Edmund defeated two Norse kings in Northumbria and also defeated the Britons in Strathclyde who had been supporting the Norsemen. He then gave Strathclyde to King Malcolm I of Scotland in return for a treaty of alliance. This ensured a half century of peace between Scotland and Saxon England.

Died:
He was murdered by an outlaw named Leolf who stabbed him to death at a banquet to St.Augustin.

Family/Spouse: Saint Ælfgifu. Ælfgifu died in 944 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Æthelfæd of Domerham. Æthelfæd died after 975. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 946 to 955; King of England
• History: birth - 955

Notes:

Name:


History:
In 946, he was crowned the King of England.

Notes:

Name:


She was a nun at St. Mary's Abbey, also known as the Nunnaminster.

Notes:

Parentage: He may have been an illegitimate son of King Edward by another mother.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: In 955, he was crowned King of England. He was only about 14 or 15 when he came to the throne, and a choice scandal soon developed. Ædwig left the coronation celebration with Æthelgifu and her daughter Ælfgifu for a private celebration in a bedroom. Both mother and daughter were trying to entice the teenage king into marriage. Abbot Dunstan and Bishop Cynesige found Ædwig "with his crown thrown aside, in the company of the two ladies." After a violent scene, Abbot Dunstan hauled Ædwig, crowned, back to the official feast. Æthelgifu, who was behind the seduction, never forgave Abbot Dunstan and was largely responsible for depriving him of his property and compelling him to leave the country. Ædwig married to Ælfgifu and her mother Æthelgifu appears to have stayed on as a mistress. Everyone was duly shocked and appalled.
• Married: Ælfgifu, the daughter of Æthelgif.
• Reign: From 955 to 959; King of England

Notes:

Name:

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• Reign: From 959 to 975; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
In 959, he became the King of England. [see picture below]

Edgar allowed his Danish subjects to retain Danish laws, he promoted a monastic revival and he encouraged trade by reforming the currency. He improved defense by organizing coastal naval patrols and a system for manning warships.

He had a liaison with St. Wulfryth, Abbess of Wilton (circa 945 - 1000) from which they had a daughter, St. Eadgyth, Abbess of Barking, (962 - 984)

Edgar married Æthelfæda the Fair in 961 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edgar married Ælfthryth in 965 in England. Ælfthryth (daughter of Ordgar, Earldorman of Devonshire and Wulfrith) was born in 945 in Devonshire, England; died about 1000 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Saint Wulfryth, Abbess of Wilton . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• General Information: According to Panton (2011) "Edward’s brief, three-year reign as king of the English was marked by growing opposition to the monasteries and ended in violence. Scholars agree that he was the son of King Edgar of England, but they are less certain about his legitimacy and about his mother, who was probably Aethelflaed Eneda, whom Edgar later married. He was chosen as the new ruler when his father died in 975, but the accession was contested by Aelfthryth (or Elfrida), Edgar’s second wife, who advanced the cause of Aethelred, her own seven-year-old child, later known as Aethelred the Unready. Although the decision in favor of the older boy was made by the witan (the king’s group of advisors), Aelfthryth refused to accept defeat and allied herself with men who opposed her late husband’s policy of granting land to religious bodies, primarily because they wanted it for themselves. Edward sided with the church and appeared to be popular with his people, but he was only 13 when he succeeded to the throne, and there is little doubt that the inexperience of youth was reflected in some of his judgments."
• Reign: From 975 to 978; King of England
• Crowned: 8 Jul 975, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England; Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar the Peaceful but was not his father's acknowledged heir. On Edgar's death, the leadership of England was contested, with some supporting Edward's claim to be king and others supporting his younger half-brother Æthelred the Unready, recognized as a legitimate son of Edgar. Edward was chosen as king and was crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan of Canterbury and Oswald of York on 8 Jul 975 at Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England. ; : 13
• History: 976; Widespread famine struck England in 976, and it led to a breakdown in the rule of law; disgruntled, fearful, and opportunistic Anglo-Saxons took to violence, even sacking monasteries, which had grown more rich and powerful with Dunstan’s advocacy.
• Canonized: 1001; He was canonized in 1001 and his feast day is 20th November.
• Last Full Review: 13 Aug 2020

Notes:

Name:

Died:
During a hunting expedition, the king called at Corfe
Castle, where Ælfthryth and Æthelred were living. His stepmother offered him mead, and while he was drinking, she or one of her retinue stabbed him. He rode off, mortally wounded, but slumped from his horse; his foot caught in a stirrup and he was dragged into a bog, where, according to legend, the location of his body was revealed to searchers by a pillar of light This was the result of a plot hatched by his step-mother Ælfthryth so her son Æthelred II the Unrede could become king.

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle "No worse deed for the English race was done than this was, since they first sought out the land of Britain. Men murdered him, but God exalted him. In life he was an earthly king; after death he is now a heavenly saint. His earthly relatives would not avenge him, but his Heavenly Father has much avenged him".

Buried:
During the sixteenth century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished. Edward's remains were hidden so as to avoid desecration.

In 1931, the relics were recovered by Wilson-Claridge during an archaeological excavation; their identity was confirmed by Dr. T. E. A. Stowell, an osteologist. In 1970, examinations performed on the relics suggested that the young man had died in the same manner as Edward. Wilson-Claridge wanted the relics to go to the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. His brother, however, wanted them to be returned to Shaftesbury Abbey. For decades, the relics were kept in a cutlery box in a bank vault at the Midland Bank in Woking, Surrey because of the unresolved dispute about which of two churches should have them.

In time, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia was victorious and placed the relics in a church in Brookwood Cemetery in Woking, with the enshrinement ceremony occurring in September 1984. The St Edward Brotherhood of monks was organized there as well. The church is now named St Edward the Martyr Orthodox Church, and it is under the jurisdiction of a traditionalist Greek Orthodox community. However, while the bones are of approximately the right date, they are of a man in his late twenties or early thirties rather than a youth in his mid teens.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: birth to death
• Reign: From 979 to 1016; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
The name Æthelred means "noble council", but a cynical 13th century pun suggested his name should have been "evil council" or "unrede" because he said to have participated in a plot to murder his half brother St. Edward the Martyr. However, he was only about 10 years old at the time, and it is difficult to imagine how a child could have been a participant in such a heinous crime. Regardless, Æthelred's name "the Unrede" stuck. The name "the Unready" was coined centuries later and is mistaken.

On 14 April 979, he became the King of England.

Æthelred may have married to Ælthelgife, a daughter of Egbert who is not shown in all genealogies.

In 1013, he was temporarily deposed by King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, who was never actually crowned King of England. When Sweyn died on February 3, 1014, the Witan recalled Æthelred who then reigned until his death.

Buried:
When St. Paul's was destroyed by the Great London Fire in 1666, and rebuilt, his tomb was lost.

Æthelred married Ælfgifu in 985 in England. Ælfgifu (daughter of Thored of Northumbria) was born about 968 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Æthelred married Emma of Normandy on 5 Apr 1002. Emma (daughter of Richard I "the Fearless", Duke of Normandy and Gunnor of Crêpon) was born about 986; died on 14 Mar 1052. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: She was the Abbess of Barking from 962 to 984.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 1016 to 1016; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
In April 1016, he became the King of England.

Canute invaded England, fought, and eventually negotiated with Edmund Ironside. They agreed that Edmund was to rule Wessex and Canute was to rule the rest of England. [see picture below] However, Edmund Ironside died shortly thereafter leaving Canute as sole ruler of England. Some sources claim he was murdered at the instigation of his brother-in-law Eadric, possibly while using the privy.

Edmund married Ealgyth of Northumbria in Aug 1015. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• History: He was also known as Eadwig.

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• Married: Abt 1008; (1) Eadric Streona, Ealdorman of Mercia.
• Married: say 1020; (2) Thurkil "the Tall" Havi.

Family/Spouse: Uchtred, Earldorman of Northumbria. Uchtred (son of Waltheof, Earldorman of Northumbria) was born in 989 in Northumberland, England; died in 1016 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Alfgar, Earl of Mercia. Alfgar (son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia and Godiva) was born about 1002 in Kingdom of Mercia; died in 1059; was buried in Coventry, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Married: say 1020; (1) Ulfcytel Snylling, Ealdorman of East Anglia.
• Married: say 1030; (2) Thurchil, Earl of East Anglia.

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• Married: Æthelstan. [Æthelstan, married daughter] He was killed in 1010.

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• History: He may or may not have existed.

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• History: In 1042, he was crowned King of England
• Married: Edith, the daughter of Godwin, Ealdorman of Wessex and Gytha. He was crowned King of England in 1042 at England.3 He died in 1066 in England at age 61 years.1,3. [Edith, married Edward the Confessor, King of England] She died in 1075. They had no children.
• Reign: From 1042 to 1066; King of England

Notes:

Name:

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• General Information: Her name was also spelt Goda.
• Last Full Review: 9 Dec 2020

Notes:

Name:

Godgifu married Drogo of Mantes, Count of Valois, Amiens, and Vexin on 7 Apr 1024. Drogo (son of Walter II the White, Count of Amiens, Valois, and the Vexin and Adele) was born in 996; died in 1035. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Godgifu married Eustace II "aux Gernons", Count of Boulogne and Lens after 1035. Eustace (son of Eustace I, Count of Boulogne and Matilda of Louvain) was born about 1020 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, Hauts-de-France, France; died in 1093. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• Moved To: After 1050

Notes:

Name:
He was also known as Edward "the Exile."

Moved To:
He was exiled to Hungary, where he held lands in Berenger county.

Edward married Agatha von Braunschweig in 1043/44 in Kiev, Ukraine. Agatha (daughter of Ludwig von Braunschweig, Count in the Derlingau and Gertrude von Egisheim) was born on 1023 to 1030; died after 1067. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• History: He appears to have either died young in England or in exile in Hungary.

Notes:

Name:
Her name is also spelt Edith or Æglithia.

Ealdgyth married Maldred, Lord of Carlisle and Allerdale in 1030/40. Maldred (son of Thane Crinan Mormær of Atholl and Bethoc of Scotland) was born in 1000 in Scotland; died in 1045. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Gytha. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
As his father was excommunicated, Geoffrey was considered illegitimate.

Family/Spouse: Beatrice de Mandeville. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Travel: 1057
• Travel: 1066
• Canonized: 1250; St. Margaret was canonized 1250 and her feast day is November 16th,

Notes:

Name:
There is much debate about the ancestry of Agatha, the mother of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland. The dynastic usurpation and post-invasion trauma of 1066 dictated that St. Margaret's maternal origins were of secondary importance to the English Chroniclers until the marriage of her daughter, Edith-Matilda, to Henry I in 1100. There are two basic solutions, Slavic or Salian. Humphreys (2003) leans towards the Slavic, however I have followed the Salian. Moore (2019) has proved the Salian.

Travel:
She moved to the court of Edward the Confessor.

Travel:
After the defeat of Harold Godwinson in 1066, she again went into exile in Scotland.

Margaret married Malcolm III "Canmore", King of the Scots in 1068 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Malcolm (son of Duncan I MacCrinan, King of the Scots and Suthen) was born in 1031 in Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• History: In 1069, Edgar joined Gospatric, the Earl of Northumberland, in his revolt against William. At the revolt's defeat, he fled to Scotland. Later he went to France, where he became the confidant of Duke Robert, the Conqueror's son. In 1198, he joined Duke Robert on the First Crusade. Later Henry I took him prisoner at Tinchebrai, and gave him an estate in England where he lived in obscurity.

Family/Spouse: daughter of Maldred. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

History:
He was also the Lord of Carlisle and Allerdale.

In 1061, he visited Rome.

In 1067, he was created the Earl of Northumbria by King William I.

In 1071, he joined the Northern Revolt against William I, resulting in his being deprived of his Earldom in 1072. He then fled to Scotland.

In 1072, he was created the 1st Earl of Dunbar.

Family/Spouse: sister of Edmund. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Married: unknown wife. 1. Edmund 2. Scot 3. Maldred, Lord of Redesdale 4. Cibernus

Family/Spouse: Eadgar the Athling. Eadgar (son of Edward the Atheling and Agatha von Braunschweig) was born about 1048; died in 1126 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Living: 1115

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• Crowned: 1097; In 1097, he was crowned King of the Scots.
• Reign: From 1097 to 1107; King of the Scots

Notes:

Name:

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• Crowned: 1107; In 1107, he was crowned King of the Scots.
• Reign: From 1107 to 1124; King of the Scots

Notes:

Name:

Family/Spouse: Sybilla. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England and Duke of Normandy on 11 Nov 1100. Henry (son of William I "the Conqueror", King of England and Maltilda of Flanders, Duchess of Normandy and Queen of England) was born in 1070 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• Reign: From 1124 to 1154; King of the Scots
• Crowned: 22 Apr 1124, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland

Notes:

Death: Moriarty (1952) gives his death date as 29 May 1153

Name:


King David introduced feudalism into Scotland thereby undermining Celtic common law. He also brought Normans into Scotland establishing them as feudal lords. In England, he was the Earl of Huntingdon.

Crowned:
He was crowned the King of Scotland.

David married Maud of Huntingdon, Queen of Scotland in 1113/14. Maud (daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Huntingdon, Northampton, and Northumberland and Judith de Lens) was born in 1072; died in 1130/31. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Eustace III, Count of Boulogne and Lens in 1102. Eustace (son of Eustace II "aux Gernons", Count of Boulogne and Lens and Ida of Lorraine) was born about 1058; died after 1125. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• History: She was also known as Mathilda Regina guæ fuit de Anglia.

Mathilda married Guigues VIII, Count of Albon and Grenoble on 1106 - 1110. Guigues (son of Guigues VII "le Gros", Count of Albon and Grenoble; Sire de Vion and Petronel of Turin) was born on 1050 - 1060 in France; died on 21 Dec 1125 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Duncan II, King of the Scots. Duncan (son of Malcolm III "Canmore", King of the Scots and Ingibjörg Finnsdatter) was born in 1060; died on 12 Nov 1094. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: birth to death

Notes:

History:
His name was also spelt Waldeve.

Waltheof married Sigrid of Allerdale about 1138. Sigrid was born about 1075 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• General Information: Lothian and Dunbar are interchangeable. He was also the Baron of Beanley.
• Last Full Review: 22 Feb 2021

Notes:

Name:

Died:

Gospatric married Sybil Morel on Yes, date unknown. Sybil was born between 1037 and 1089 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland; died after 1115 in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Orm, Lord of Seaton. Orm (son of Ketel, Lord of Kendal and Christiana) died on 1145 - 1150. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Living: 1147

Family/Spouse: Sybil. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Grace de Tracy in by 1130. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• General Information: She is also know as the Empress Maud, as when married to Henry V, she was the Empress of Germany.
• Miscellaneous: 1126

Notes:

Birth: Weis (1982) gives her birth as 1104.

Miscellaneous:
In 1126, Maud’s father, Henry I, had her declared heir presumptive. When he died in 1135, she went to Normandy to claim her inheritance. England, however, declared Stephen of Blois king. In 1139, Maud landed in England with 140 knights, and besieged Arundel Castle. A civil war ensued with Stephen being captured in February 1141 in Lincoln and imprisoned in Bristol. Eventually an agreement was reached where Stephen continued as King, but upon his death, Maud’s son, Henry would become King of England.

Maud married Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor on 7 Jan 1114. Henry was born in 1086; died on 23 May 1125. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffrey (son of Fulk V "le Jeune", King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou and Ermenbourg of Maine) was born on 24 Nov 1113 in Anjou, France ; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Château-du-Loir, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Cathedral of Saint Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: Some sources say he drowned in the sinking of the White Ship on November 25, 1120. Other sources say he died in infancy, and the Richard who drowned on the White Ship was one of Henry's vast brood of illegitimate children. Regardless, he predeceased his father.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Married: Matilda of Anjou, the daughter of Fulk V "le Jeune" King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou and Ermenbourg of Maine. [Matilda, married William Athling] After her husband drowned, she became a Nun, and was elected abbess of Fontevrault. They had no children.

Notes:

Died:
When the White Ship sank in the English Channel. When the White Ship was wrecked on the deadly rock a boat was launched and William, the King's only legitimate son, was rowed to safety. The cries of his half-sister Maud, Countess of Perche, induced him to return to the wreck where they sank together. This was considered by some to be punishment for Henry I's sins of lust in having so many illegitimate offspring

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: He was also a Prince of Scotland.
• Title(s): 1136

Notes:

Title(s):
He became the Earl of Huntingdon.

Henry married Ada de Warenne in 1139. Ada (daughter of William II de Warren, Earl of Surrey and Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester) was born about 1120 in Surrey, England; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title(s): 1125; In 1125 she became the Countess of Boulogne.
• Crowned: 22 Mar 1136, Westminster Abbey, London, England; On 22 March 1136 she was crowned Queen Consort in Westminster Abbey.
• Military: 1141; After Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, she rallied the king's partisans, and raised an army with the help of William of Ypres. While the Empress Matilda waited in London to prepare her coronation, Matilda and Stephen's brother Henry of Blois had her chased out of the city. The Empress Matilda went on to besiege Henry of Blois at Winchester. Matilda of Boulogne then commanded her army to attack the besiegers. There was a rout in which the Empress's half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, was captured. The two Matildas then agreed to exchange prisoners and Stephen ruled as king again.
• Last Full Review: 17 Jul 2020

Notes:

Death: Stuart (2002) gives her death as 3 July 1151 in Faversham, England.

Name:

Buried:
Her tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

Died:
She died of a fever.

Matilda married Stephen of Blois, King of England in 1125 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. Stephen (son of Stephen III, Count of Blois and Adele of Normandy, Princess of England) was born in 1095/96 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France; died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Dover, Kent, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Faversham, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Living: Between 1158 and 1160; She was recorded between 1158 and 1160.
• Last Full Review: 23 Jul 2020

Gersende married William III of Forcalquier, Count of Forcalquier and Marquis of Provence between 1076 and 1080. William (son of Armengol IV, Count of Urgel and Adelaide) died in Oct 1129 in Avignon, Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• History: He was first the Bishop of Puy, and later became the Archbishop of Vienne.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: He was living in 1105.

Gunild married Uchtred, Lord of Galloway about 1156. Uchtred (son of Fergus of Galloway, Lord of Galloway and Elizabeth FitzRoy) was born about 1118 in Scotland; died on 22 Sep 1174 in Loch Fergus, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: In 1131, he was granted Staindrop and Staindropshire in the Palatineate of Duram and Raby by the Prior of Durham.
• Land/House: 1131

Notes:

Name:
He was a turbulent baron.

Land/House:
He was granted Staindrop and Staindropshire.

Family/Spouse: Alice. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Petronilla. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]