Edward "the Elder", King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Edward was Bretwala, King of Kings. He was also the King of Wessex.
• Military: From 899 to 902; Alfred died on 26 October 899 and Edward succeeded to the throne, but Æthelwold disputed the succession. He seized the royal estates of Wimborne, symbolically important as the place where his father was buried, and Christchurch, both in Dorset. Edward marched with his army to the nearby Iron Age hillfort at Badbury Rings. Æthelwold declared that he would live or die at Wimborne, but then left in the night and rode to Northumbria, where the Danes accepted him as king. In 901, Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex, and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to invade English Mercia and northern Wessex, where his army looted and then returned home. Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia, but when he retreated the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, and were intercepted by the Danish army. The two sides met at the Battle of the Holme (perhaps Holme in Huntingdonshire) on 13 December 902. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Danes "kept the place of slaughter", meaning that they won the battle, but they suffered heavy losses, including Æthelwold and a King Eohric, possibly of the East Anglian Danes. Kentish losses included Sigehelm, ealdorman of Kent and father of Edward's third wife, Eadgifu. Æthelwold's death ended the threat to Edward's throne.
• Reign: From 900 to 924; King of England
• Crowned: 8 Jun 900, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England; He was crowned.
• Military: 918; Edward defeated the Danes in 918, taking East Anglia. He conquered Mercia the same year, and Northumbria in 920.
• Last Full Review: 2 May 2021

Notes:

Death: Sewell states he died 17 June 924 in Farndon-on-Dee, England.

Name:

Reign:
He was crowned the King of England or Bretwala, that is King of Kings.

Died:
He died while attempting to put down a rebellion by Mercian and Cambrian dissidents.

Buried:
He was buried in the New Minster, a monastery in Winchester whose construction he had ordered in 901. In 1110, his remains were reinterred at Hyde Abbey, but the grave was disturbed during the construction of a prison in 1788 and his bones were lost.

Edward married Ecgwynn about 893. Ecgwynn died in 901 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Ælfflæd about 899. Ælfflæd (daughter of Æthelhelm, Ealdorman of Wiltshire and Æthelgyth of Mercia) was born about 878 in Kingdom of Wessex, England; died in 920 in England; was buried in Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Eadgifu of Kent in 919 in Berkshire, England. Eadgifu (daughter of Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent) was born about 896 in Kingdom of Kent; died on 25 Aug 968 in England; was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: In 924, he was crowned King of England
• Reign: From 924 to 939; King of England

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• Religion: say 928; After she became a widow, she took the veil at Polesworth Abby. She later transferred to Tamworth Abbey in Glocestershire, where she was elected Abbess. Her feast day is July ^15th.

Edith married Sihtric, Viking King of York in 926. Sihtric died in 927. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 924 to 924; King of England

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Died:
He was drowned at sea.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Religion: Wilton Abbey, Wiltshire, England; She was a lay sister at Wilton Abbey.

Family/Spouse: Frederuna. Frederuna died on 10 Feb 917. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eadgifu married Charles III "the Simple", King of France in 918/19. Charles (son of Louis II "the Stammerer", Holy Roman Emperor and Adelaide of Paris) was born on 17 Sep 879; died on 7 Oct 929 in Péronne, Hauts-de-France, France; was buried in Abbey of Saint Fursy, Péronne, Hauts-de-France, France (not found). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Heribert, Count of Meaux and Troyes . Heribert died on 980 - 984. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
She was a nun at Wilton Abbey.

Eadhilda married Hugh Magnus "the White", Duke of France and Normandy in 926. Hugh (son of Robert I, Duke of France and Beatrice de Vermandois) was born about 895; died on 16 Jun 956 in Dourdan, Île-de-France, France; was buried in Basilica of Saint-Denis, St. Denis, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Name:
Her name is also spelt Edith.

Eadgyth married Otto I "the Great", Holy Roman Emperor in 929/30. Otto (son of Henry I "the Fowler", Holy Roman Emperor and Saint Mechtilde von Ringelheim) was born on 23 Nov 912; died on 7 May 973 in Memleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: She was said to have married "a prince near the Alps", likely Boleslaw II "the Pious", Duke of Bohemia or perhaps Conrad "the Pacific", King of Burgundy.

Notes:

Name:
She was said to have married "a prince near the Alps", likely Boleslaw II "the Pious", Duke of Bohemia or perhaps Conrad "the Pacific", King of Burgundy.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: She was a nun in Winchester, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 939 to 946; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
In 940, he became the King of England.

Edmund defeated two Norse kings in Northumbria and also defeated the Britons in Strathclyde who had been supporting the Norsemen. He then gave Strathclyde to King Malcolm I of Scotland in return for a treaty of alliance. This ensured a half century of peace between Scotland and Saxon England.

Died:
He was murdered by an outlaw named Leolf who stabbed him to death at a banquet to St.Augustin.

Family/Spouse: Saint Ælfgifu. Ælfgifu died in 944 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Æthelfæd of Domerham. Æthelfæd died after 975. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 946 to 955; King of England
• History: birth - 955

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History:
In 946, he was crowned the King of England.

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She was a nun at St. Mary's Abbey, also known as the Nunnaminster.

Notes:

Parentage: He may have been an illegitimate son of King Edward by another mother.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Crowned: 936; He was crowned the King of the Franks in 936.
• Reign: From 936 to 954; King of France (Carolingian dynasty)

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Louis married Gerberga of Saxony in 939. Gerberga (daughter of Henry I "the Fowler", Holy Roman Emperor and Saint Mechtilde von Ringelheim) was born in 913/914 in Nordhausen, Thuringia, Germany; died on 5 May 984 in Rheims, Grand Est, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Luitgarde married Conrad "the Wise", Duke of Lorraine and Franconia in 947. Conrad (son of Werner, Count in the Speyergau and the Wormsgau and daughter of Burkhard III) died on 10 Aug 955. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Liudolf married Ita of Swabia in 947. Ita (daughter of Herman I, Duke of Swabia and Reginlint of Swabia) died on 17 May 896. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: In 955, he was crowned King of England. He was only about 14 or 15 when he came to the throne, and a choice scandal soon developed. Ædwig left the coronation celebration with Æthelgifu and her daughter Ælfgifu for a private celebration in a bedroom. Both mother and daughter were trying to entice the teenage king into marriage. Abbot Dunstan and Bishop Cynesige found Ædwig "with his crown thrown aside, in the company of the two ladies." After a violent scene, Abbot Dunstan hauled Ædwig, crowned, back to the official feast. Æthelgifu, who was behind the seduction, never forgave Abbot Dunstan and was largely responsible for depriving him of his property and compelling him to leave the country. Ædwig married to Ælfgifu and her mother Æthelgifu appears to have stayed on as a mistress. Everyone was duly shocked and appalled.
• Married: Ælfgifu, the daughter of Æthelgif.
• Reign: From 955 to 959; King of England

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Other Events and Attributes:

• Reign: From 959 to 975; King of England

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Name:


History:
In 959, he became the King of England. [see picture below]

Edgar allowed his Danish subjects to retain Danish laws, he promoted a monastic revival and he encouraged trade by reforming the currency. He improved defense by organizing coastal naval patrols and a system for manning warships.

He had a liaison with St. Wulfryth, Abbess of Wilton (circa 945 - 1000) from which they had a daughter, St. Eadgyth, Abbess of Barking, (962 - 984)

Edgar married Æthelfæda the Fair in 961 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edgar married Ælfthryth in 965 in England. Ælfthryth (daughter of Ordgar, Earldorman of Devonshire and Wulfrith) was born in 945 in Devonshire, England; died about 1000 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Saint Wulfryth, Abbess of Wilton . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: Prince Charles was removed from succession to the throne of France by Hugh Capet.

Notes:

Death: Weis (1982) states he died in 994.

Charles married Bonne d'Ardennes before 979. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Matilda married Conrad I "the Peaceful", King of Burgundy after 964. Conrad (son of Rudolph II, King of Burgundy and Bertha of Swabia) was born about 925; died on 19 Oct 993 in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany; was buried in Vienne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Death: Weis (1982) gives his death date as 1004.

Family/Spouse: Judith of Bavaria. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: birth to death

Notes:

History:
She was also known as Jutta.

Richilde married Conrad, Count in the Rheinegau and Duke of Swabia on 960 to 965. Conrad (son of Eldo, Count in the Wetterau and daughter) was born about 920; died on 20 Jul 997. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Kuno, Count of Ohningen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• General Information: According to Panton (2011) "Edward’s brief, three-year reign as king of the English was marked by growing opposition to the monasteries and ended in violence. Scholars agree that he was the son of King Edgar of England, but they are less certain about his legitimacy and about his mother, who was probably Aethelflaed Eneda, whom Edgar later married. He was chosen as the new ruler when his father died in 975, but the accession was contested by Aelfthryth (or Elfrida), Edgar’s second wife, who advanced the cause of Aethelred, her own seven-year-old child, later known as Aethelred the Unready. Although the decision in favor of the older boy was made by the witan (the king’s group of advisors), Aelfthryth refused to accept defeat and allied herself with men who opposed her late husband’s policy of granting land to religious bodies, primarily because they wanted it for themselves. Edward sided with the church and appeared to be popular with his people, but he was only 13 when he succeeded to the throne, and there is little doubt that the inexperience of youth was reflected in some of his judgments."
• Reign: From 975 to 978; King of England
• Crowned: 8 Jul 975, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England; Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar the Peaceful but was not his father's acknowledged heir. On Edgar's death, the leadership of England was contested, with some supporting Edward's claim to be king and others supporting his younger half-brother Æthelred the Unready, recognized as a legitimate son of Edgar. Edward was chosen as king and was crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan of Canterbury and Oswald of York on 8 Jul 975 at Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England. ; : 13
• History: 976; Widespread famine struck England in 976, and it led to a breakdown in the rule of law; disgruntled, fearful, and opportunistic Anglo-Saxons took to violence, even sacking monasteries, which had grown more rich and powerful with Dunstan’s advocacy.
• Canonized: 1001; He was canonized in 1001 and his feast day is 20th November.
• Last Full Review: 13 Aug 2020

Notes:

Name:

Died:
During a hunting expedition, the king called at Corfe
Castle, where Ælfthryth and Æthelred were living. His stepmother offered him mead, and while he was drinking, she or one of her retinue stabbed him. He rode off, mortally wounded, but slumped from his horse; his foot caught in a stirrup and he was dragged into a bog, where, according to legend, the location of his body was revealed to searchers by a pillar of light This was the result of a plot hatched by his step-mother Ælfthryth so her son Æthelred II the Unrede could become king.

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle "No worse deed for the English race was done than this was, since they first sought out the land of Britain. Men murdered him, but God exalted him. In life he was an earthly king; after death he is now a heavenly saint. His earthly relatives would not avenge him, but his Heavenly Father has much avenged him".

Buried:
During the sixteenth century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished. Edward's remains were hidden so as to avoid desecration.

In 1931, the relics were recovered by Wilson-Claridge during an archaeological excavation; their identity was confirmed by Dr. T. E. A. Stowell, an osteologist. In 1970, examinations performed on the relics suggested that the young man had died in the same manner as Edward. Wilson-Claridge wanted the relics to go to the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. His brother, however, wanted them to be returned to Shaftesbury Abbey. For decades, the relics were kept in a cutlery box in a bank vault at the Midland Bank in Woking, Surrey because of the unresolved dispute about which of two churches should have them.

In time, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia was victorious and placed the relics in a church in Brookwood Cemetery in Woking, with the enshrinement ceremony occurring in September 1984. The St Edward Brotherhood of monks was organized there as well. The church is now named St Edward the Martyr Orthodox Church, and it is under the jurisdiction of a traditionalist Greek Orthodox community. However, while the bones are of approximately the right date, they are of a man in his late twenties or early thirties rather than a youth in his mid teens.

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: birth to death
• Reign: From 979 to 1016; King of England

Notes:

Name:


History:
The name Æthelred means "noble council", but a cynical 13th century pun suggested his name should have been "evil council" or "unrede" because he said to have participated in a plot to murder his half brother St. Edward the Martyr. However, he was only about 10 years old at the time, and it is difficult to imagine how a child could have been a participant in such a heinous crime. Regardless, Æthelred's name "the Unrede" stuck. The name "the Unready" was coined centuries later and is mistaken.

On 14 April 979, he became the King of England.

Æthelred may have married to Ælthelgife, a daughter of Egbert who is not shown in all genealogies.

In 1013, he was temporarily deposed by King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, who was never actually crowned King of England. When Sweyn died on February 3, 1014, the Witan recalled Æthelred who then reigned until his death.

Buried:
When St. Paul's was destroyed by the Great London Fire in 1666, and rebuilt, his tomb was lost.

Æthelred married Ælfgifu in 985 in England. Ælfgifu (daughter of Thored of Northumbria) was born about 968 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Æthelred married Emma of Normandy on 5 Apr 1002. Emma (daughter of Richard I "the Fearless", Duke of Normandy and Gunnor of Crêpon) was born about 986; died on 14 Mar 1052. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• History: She was the Abbess of Barking from 962 to 984.